Folbre
Chapter 6 The Robin Hood
School
- Financing
of public schools and use of vouchers to address poor quality schools;
segregation replaced by de-facto segregation based upon income.
Some of Folbre’s Points:
- Public
$ to private schools would leave the truly needy behind in poorly performing
public schools in the inner cities.
- More
$ correlate with less quality schools because the time dimension is
suppressed – more $ would always be spent on poorer quality schools
because that’s where the need is the greatest. The same is true of the relation between time parents
spend on kid’s homework – the more they need it, the more they get it.
- Seven
reasons why different schools spend different per-pupil expenditures. See p.
139.
- Standardized
tests miss a lot that is important in a quality education – see quote at
bottom of p. 141.
- School
funding equalization – states took on the battle because Federal
government said no such right of “equal educational opportunity existed in
constitution.” Fact: Poorer districts pay higher per pupil expenditure for
education.
- Families
were willing to pay more per pupil, only if the money didn’t go to other
kids – Judge McCown (Texas):
…”it’s not our taxes. Businesses and
people without children pay taxes too…[and] they are all our children.”
- “The
greater cost-effectiveness of private schools has more to do with
selectivity than with efficiency.” (better test: randomly assign students
to both public and private schools.)
- Sixteen
states shifted their educational funding formulas in a more egalitarian
direction by 1999 (148). Although the majority of these states both
equalized and raised the per-pupil expenditures, California suffered a
“leveling down” as the taxpayers fought tax increases more vigorously.
- The
European solution à
national funding for education combined with setting national standards.
- Poverty
is the best predictor of school success. Vouchers would leave behind those
kids whose parents don’t have transportation, the motivation or the time
to put them in better schools at a distance from their homes.
- Increased
privatization of the school system encourages cost-cutting and leads to
further economic segregation. Private
schools can refuse to accept some students (add #11 to this and this adds up
to a polarized society).
Colleges and Universities
- Even
though external benefits apply equally here, there is a growing gap between
the percentage of the kids of the poor and those of the rich who are
college-educated. Eight percent of kids (by the age of 24) from the 25
percent poorest families received a college education in 1979. It was the
same in 1994, but kids from the richest 25 percent who had a college degree
at the same age rose from 31 percent in 1979 to 79 percent in 1994 (154).
- Some
reasons: An increased amount of scholarship $$ going to students at private
schools, while legislatures cut funding for public universities; Private
colleges have shifted more toward “need-sensitive” as opposed to
“need-blind” admissions policies (155).
Question
Does Equal
Opportunity simply mean absence of unfair discrimination?